The Naegleria Fowleri Amoeba - 1013 Words

Introduction The Naegleria fowleri amoeba resides in lakes, rivers, thermal springs, dirty swimming pool and sometimes soil. The amoebas thrive during the summer months due to the increase of temperature(Shakoor, Beg, and Mahmood 258). Naegleria amoeba infects and targets brain tissue of the central nervous system and the neuromuscular system. The central nervous system is responsible for integrating and responding to neural signals. The nervous system and muscles in the body work together to permit movement called the neuromuscular system. The brain is the main control for integrating sensory neurons and coordinating body functions: voluntary and involuntary. When needed to move a body part, a message is sent to the afferent sensory neurons, which go through the brain and into the spinal cord where the efferent motor neurons send an electrical signal to trigger the muscle to contract. Errors such as sliding of the actin and myosin filaments or failure to release neurotransmitters from the neuron can happen. The infection causes primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) (Shakoor, Beg, and Mahmood 258).. It cannot be contracted by person-to-person, or by drinking contaminated water. The amoeba enters the body via nose by infected water and/or dust and penetrates the cribriform plate(Shenoy, Wilson, and Prashanth [Page 309]). It travels to the brain by the nerves that transmit olfactory senses and causes PAM. It causes brain tissue damage and inflammation of the brain. TheShow MoreRelatedDescription Of The Amoeba Naegleria Fowleri853 Words   |  4 PagesIncluded in the kingdom Protista, the amoeba Naegleria fowleri has proven to be pathogenic when entering the brain through the nasal cavity. Out of the numerous species of Naegleria, only the single-celled fowleri is of vital concern to human health. This free-living ameboflagellate can be discovered in one of three stages depending on its surroundings (Fero 2010). The protozoan’s life cycle consists of a cystic phase which is resistant, a dormant biflagellate phase, and the dangerous trophozoiteRead MoreNaegleria Fowleri and Solid Organ Transplantation668 Words   |  3 PagesNaegleria fowleri and Solid Organ Transplantation – An Overview Naegleria fowleri commonly referred to as the â€Å"brain-eating amoeba†, is a free-living, warm fresh water amoeba, isolated from soil. Site of entrance of N. fowleri is when contaminated water moves up the nose, during swimming,nasal irritation, amoeba then passes the cribriform plate and reaches the brain causing primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM).128 Cases were reported from 1962 -2012 in U.S.PAM usually affect young,healthy individualsRead MoreTthe Role of Amoeba in Human Disease805 Words   |  3 PagesReview the Role of Amoeba in Human Disease Introduction Free-living amoebae (FLA) are eukaryotic organism found ubiquitously in nature. They are found in soil (dust), air, water and air, which provide amoeba multiple opportunities to spread (c). These can be pathogenic or non-pathogenic. Pathogenic FLA can invade and cause opportunistic and non-opportunistic infections in humans, which are found in the genus Acanthamoeba, Balamuthia mandrillaris, Naegleria fowleri, and Sappinia pedata (b). HartmannellaRead MoreAccording to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, meningitis is the inflammation of the1200 Words   |  5 Pagesparalysis. The bacteria travel to your brain after entering the body through the respiratory system (Karriem-Norwood, 2014). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, parasitic meningitis is caused by an amoeba entering the brain and destroying brain tissue. The amoeba enters through the nose and can only infect humans in the first stage of its life cycle, in which they are known as ameboid trophozoites. They are single-celled organisms and they reproduce by promitosis. They are alsoRead MoreN Fowleri Consists Of An Amoeba2180 Words   |  9 PagesThe trophozoite of N fowleri consists of an amoeba surrounded by a two-layer membrane. The cytoplasm contains free and bound ribosomes, as well as membrane-bound organelles. A smooth endoplasmic reticulum, a Golgi-like structure, mitochondria, vacuoles, and nucleus-containing nuclear envelope are present. Microfilaments create a supportive cytoskeleton. The N fowleri flagellate is pear-shaped. The cytoplasm has fewer vacuoles, and the components of a flagellar apparatus (flagellum, basal body, rootlet)

History and Members of The Warsaw Pact

The Warsaw Pact was established in 1955 after West Germany became a part of NATO. It was formally known as the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance. The Warsaw Pact, made up of Central and Eastern European countries, was meant to counter the threat from the NATO countries. Each country in the Warsaw Pact pledged to defend the others against any outside military threat. While the organization stated that each nation would respect the sovereignty and political independence of the others, each country was in some way controlled by the Soviet Union. The pact dissolved at the end of the Cold War in 1991.   History of the Pact After  World War II, the Soviet Union sought to control as much of Central and Eastern Europe as it could. In the 1950s, West Germany was rearmed and allowed to join NATO. The countries that bordered West Germany were fearful that it would again become a military power, as it had been just a few years earlier. This fear caused Czechoslovakia to attempt to create a security pact with Poland and East Germany. Eventually, seven countries came together to form the Warsaw Pact: Albania (until 1968)BulgariaCzechoslovakiaEast Germany (until 1990)HungaryPolandRomaniaThe  Soviet Union The Warsaw Pact lasted for 36 years. In all of that time, there was never a direct conflict between the organization and NATO. However, there were many proxy wars, especially between the Soviet Union and the United States in places such as Korea and Vietnam. Invasion Of Czechoslovakia On Aug. 20, 1968, 250,000 Warsaw Pact  troops invaded Czechoslovakia in what was known as Operation Danube. During the operation, 108 civilians were killed and another 500 were wounded by the invading troops. Only Albania and Romania refused to participate in the invasion. East Germany did not send troops to Czechoslovakia but only because Moscow ordered its troops to stay away. Albania eventually left  the Warsaw Pact because of the invasion. The military action was an attempt by the Soviet Union to oust Czechoslovakias Communist Party leader Alexander Dubcek whose plans to reform his country did not align with the Soviet Unions wishes. Dubcek wanted to liberalize his nation and had many plans for reforms, most of which he was unable to initiate. Before Dubcek was arrested during the invasion, he urged citizens not to resist militarily because he felt that presenting a military defense would have meant exposing the Czech and Slovak peoples to a senseless bloodbath. This sparked many nonviolent protests throughout the country.   End of the Pact Between 1989 and 1991, the Communist parties in most of the countries in the Warsaw Pact were ousted. Many of the Warsaw Pacts member nations considered the organization to be essentially defunct in 1989 when none assisted Romania militarily during its violent revolution. The  Warsaw Pact  formally existed for another couple of years until 1991—just months before the USSR disbanded—when the organization was officially dissolved in Prague.

History of the ECCE Sector in Ireland - 3332 Words

Introduction I am going to discuss the following topics in my report. I am going to explain the historical development of the ECCE sector in Ireland up to and including the present day. * Historical development of the early childhood care and education * Current ECCE provision by the state * Health and welfare * Equal opportunity legislation * Outline maintaining a quality ECCE environment that complies with relevant regulations and standards Main body Historical development of the early childhood care and education In the last 20 years Ireland has had a dramatic change in its society. Ireland has traditionally had a laissez-faire policy with respect to the childcare provision back in the day there was no such†¦show more content†¦* Free preschool year * Early start preschool programme * There is also the CCS scheme and the CETS scheme. The government have provided funding to child-minding facilities for the following reasons that they provide to the public free preschool year. They also have the early start preschool programme. Free preschool year The ECCE Scheme provides a free year of early childhood care and education for children of pre-school age. In general, children are eligible for the ECCE scheme if they are aged over 3 years 3 months and less than 4 years 7 months on 1 September of the year that they will be starting. The upper age limit can be extended in some cases. The State pays a capitation fee to participating playschools and daycare services. In return, they provide a pre-school service free of charge to all children within the qualifying age range for a set number of hours over a set period of weeks. In general, children only qualify for ECCE in one school year. However, a child who has been assessed as having a disability may be able to spread their free pre-school year over 2 years Early start preschool programme The Early Start Programme is aShow MoreRelatedEssay History Of The ECCE Sector In Ireland4049 Words   |  17 Pagesï » ¿ History of the ECCE sector in Ireland. Early care and education practice. 8th January 2015. Table of contents. Introduction. History of ECEC in Ireland. Free pre-school year programme. UN convention on the rights of the child (1989). Pre-school regulations. ECEC services currently available in Ireland. Occupations within the childcare sector. Childcare manager. A career plan. Challenges to achieving goals. Education and training needs. Bibliography. IntroductionRead MoreThe History and Development of the ECCE in Ireland2083 Words   |  9 PagesA, The History and development of the ECCE in Ireland The environments in which our youngest children live, grow and play have changed dramatically over the past century. For the best part of the twentieth century, young children were cared for in the family home and went to school sometime after the age of three. For much of that time, Irish society was largely agrarian based and children worked on the farm; work which had economic value to the family. Families were large, twice as large on average

Down Syndrome Essay Research Paper Down SyndromeDown free essay sample

Down Syndrome Essay, Research Paper Down Syndrome Down Syndrome, which used to be called mongolianism, is a congenital deformity accompanied by moderate to severe mental deceleration, is caused by a chromosomal abnormalcy. Peoples with Down syndrome are frequently short in tallness and have a little, unit of ammunition caput with a high, flattened brow and split, dry lips and lingua. A typical characteristic is a crease of tegument, the epicanthic crease, on either side of the span of the olfactory organ. The thenar show a individual transverse fold and the colloidal suspensions have a consecutive fold from the heel to the infinite between the first and 2nd toes. These people are besides capable to inborn bosom defects and tend to develop leukaemia. Their intelligence quotient, IQ, normally ranges between 20 and 60, but with early intercession and proper instruction, some people reach higher degrees. The overall incidence of Down syndrome is about one in 700 births, but the hazard varies with the age of the female parent. We will write a custom essay sample on Down Syndrome Essay Research Paper Down SyndromeDown or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The rate of Down syndrome in kids born to 25 twelvemonth old female parents is about 1 in 2000, but the hazard increases to 1 in 200 for 35 twelvemonth olds and more than 1 in 40 for adult females older than 40 old ages. Prenatal trials such as amniocentesis and chorionic villus trying can be used to observe the chromosomal abnormalcy doing Down syndrome. In add-on, maternal blood trials can propose the presence of a foetus with Down syndrome when degrees of alphafetoprotein are lower than usual, or when degrees of odd estriol and human chorionic gonadotropin are unnatural. The chromosomal abnormalcy involved in most Ca Es of Down syndrome is trisomy 21, or the presence of three transcripts of the 21st chromosome. As a consequence, the affected individual has 47 chromosomes in all organic structure cells alternatively of the normal 46, although how this causes the status # 8217 ; s symptoms is non yet known. Scientists assume that the ground for the abnormal chromosomal combination is the fertilisation of an egg cell holding 24 chromosomes by a sperm with a normal mixture of 23, but they have besides found that the sperm can transport the excess chromosome every bit good. The unnatural egg cell or sperm is derived from a source cell in which the brace of 21st chromosomes holds together and passes into the same sperm or egg cell alternatively of dividing. In the type of Down syndrome called translocation, the excess chromosome 21 stuff is attached to one of the other chromosomes ; when some, but non all, of the organic structure # 8217 ; s cells carry an excess chromosome 21, the status is a type of Down syndrome called mosaicism. Down syndrome is non yet antiphonal to medical intervention, but better medical attention of the attach toing upsets and infections now consequences in an about normal life span alternatively of the old life anticipation of about 14 old ages. The badly retarded may still be institutionalized, but many Down syndrome kids are raised at place, where their full potency can be developed. Although, with an mean mental age of about eight old ages, they continue to necessitate a protective environment, many grownups with Down syndrome work in sheltered workshops ; some hold regular occupations in concern and industry. Bibliography www.downs.com www.americahealth.net